The accuracy, reliability and rapid availability of GNSS data required for early warning tasks place high demands on the GNSS measurement technology (GNSS stations) used. As part of the GITEWS project, GNSS reference stations have been developed at the GFZ that meet these requirements and are also designed to be easy to maintain (Figure 1, centre). Based on the long-term experience with the GFZ stations of the global network, a new station design was developed, in which the components are installed in modules. The modules and the cable connections are easily accessible and replaceable from the front of the equipment rack. The modular design makes it very easy to integrate new device components from other types or manufacturers that may be necessary after a few years (e.g. replacement of defective components that are no longer available). The GNSS antennas of the stations are mounted on strong foundations at a height of about 1.5 m above the ground (Figure 1, right). This ensures high stability and a firm connection of the structure to the ground, even in the event of an earthquake. The stations are equipped with two different, independent satellite-based communication systems. These are used to transmit the GNSS data measured at the stations in real time to the early warning centre in Jakarta. Due to its technical features, this station type is referred to as a GNSS RTR station (Real-Time Reference). The GNSS RTR station network in Indonesia forms the backbone for the processing of all GNSS data in the national early warning system.

Project partners:

• BMKG (Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia)

Time frame:

• 2005 -2011

Funding:

• German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Grant 03TSU01

Project related publication:

• Falck, C., Ramatschi, M., Subarya, C., Bartsch, M., Merx, A., Hoeberechts, J., Schmidt, G. (2010): Near real-time GPS applications for tsunami early warning systems. - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS), 10, 2, 181-189. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-181-2010