I aim to better understand the tectonics of the Himalayas during the Quaternary. I quantify deformation rates in Nepal by measuring trapped charge thermochronometry data (luminescence and electron spin resonance), methods that constrains the cooling histories of rocks on a previously inaccessible temporal and spatial scale. I develop thermo-kinematic numerical models testing different tectonic hypotheses for the Himalayas during the Quaternary, in order to obtain a model capable of explaining the deformations measured by different temperature thermochronometers. The medium-term tectonic signal obtained (Quaternary) will then be compared with short-term seismic activity to achieve a better understanding of seismic cycles and their evolution over time, and thus better predict the associated risks.